Heritage and Health Essay

With cultural differences evident among the human population in the world today, it could be noticed that the different approaches also differ from one culture to another. Having the knowledge that people are usually shaped in life through the traditions that they were particularly brought up with, some definitely use these traditional ways of health maintenance to suffice their need for better health status. In this paper, understanding such differences among human individuals at present and how well they are able to withstand the challenges of modern health issues that face the human society at present through the implications of traditional ways of health care procedures shall be discussed and clarified. Personally, the author of this paper has seen the different ways by which his culture imposes the different procedures of healthcare approaches among the ancestors and older generations that he has lived with. Considerably, seeing them and the process by which they deal with health emergencies and the emerging issues that pertain to the said need of being healthy, taught the author himself to face certain health situations in the same manner. Most of the procedures used by the author’s ancestors are based on the process of using alternative routes to healthcare maintenance. Instead of actually being able to find the most important approach to health issues through medical ways, the family line of the author tends to find cure from regular herbal solutions. Traditional as it is, his ancestors believe that it is only through this process that they would be able to find the most demanded cure without having to worry about the many possible side effects of the process that they are going to adapt to. This is the reason why most of the author’s family members try their best to do away with synthetic medicine and vitamins offered in the market today. Having the chance to meet to other families from other cultures, the author himself found out that the entire process of maintaining health from his side of the family may be a little bit different from that of the process to which other cultures view the said need to protect one’s health. For one, the implicative manner by which the other family from the west naturally brings about the welcomed possibility of accepting new age medicine without any doubt. Likely, that family was particularly raised in a society of continuous change and development. Their intense belief that change is for the better makes them well acquainted with the different developments in medicine that brings about the possibility of dealing with health issues in a much convenient and faster way which they think is most effective not only for their health needs but also for the lifestyle that they are living. Meanwhile, another family attests to the use of rituals for the sake of saving a family from any health phenomenon that may arise in the human community that they are living in. They also depend on rituals and prayed-for oils that are believed to have a great chance of healing someone with an illness or even with a terminal health case through the collaborative use of touch and prayer. As much as they believe in alternative medicine, they also believe that their gods would be able to help them get through life especially during trying times including the need to deal with serious health cases. Seriously, up to these moments, the two families and the family of the author himself have a great connection with traditions especially when it comes to health issues and the need to deal with the situations concerned with the said matter. Terribly, there are some occasions when too much tradition makes a family member’s life be subjected into serious dangers. This is the reason why the author himself decided to take nursing as a career, a path that he knows could both protect his family’s health and allow culturally deepened families to see the differences of the procedures of modern technology and modern medicine to bring ease to the health needs of the human society. Knowing how these people feel about their connection to their culture certainly makes it easier for the author of this paper to see through the situation and be able to decipher the health cases he is supposed to handle later on and still be able to find the most effective procedure there is to manage giving them the health care assistance they need without completely bypassing their cultural traditions just so to be able to save the lives of people in an ethical yet strategic way. It is through this process that the author believes that he would be able to successfully applied what he has learned within the four walls of the classrooms and laboratories along with the things that he learned and would be continuously learning from actual medical practice to meet the needs of the people who are culturally loyal to their traditions when it comes to health maintenance needs. True, some of these cultural or traditional procedures help well in the idea of keeping a good grip on keeping one’s health protected. In fact, it could not be denied that there are those medical experts who retrying the avenue of alternative medicine as suggested through traditional procedures of healing, however, for certain terminal health cases, there must be a careful balance on the given attention towards health safety and traditional loyalty to the ways that one or a family has been particularly accustomed to. Truthfully, this fact leads to the idea that nurses need to be flexible enough to know and recognize the need for health safety and cultural respect in dealing with healthcare issues.

Boys will be boys Essay

Boys need care and support also when they are growing up, but it seems their behavior is required more rigidly. When boys come to the age of 10 or 11, they are required to behavior like a man. A boy who is scared in the dark or left alone at such a young age will be laughed, he will be said sissy. The traditional way asked boys mislead them to be pretend to be man-like. They have to be independent exactly when they need love and support from parents, they get no comfort or care when they get hurt. All of which at last lead to a pathological for the boy who can’t handle it well. Boys suffer from the way people rewire them, they are emotionally expressive, but a long time to repress their real feelings lead to a higher rate of crime or suicide, smoking and alcoholics in boys than girls. If boys go against their heart for a long time, they can’t act who they are for a long time, they get no help or guide, psychological problems will come into being instead. For example, a boy who lost his father in an early age, in his heart he desires the love from his father or from a man. But he should behave like a man to avoid being laughed by others while he is so weak, he has no one to talk this desire, so that as the desire become stronger and stronger, most cases, he becomes a gay. At last, boys should be taken care of in a different way from girls. The rigid idea that boys should behave like a â€Å"big boy† every moment should be considered carefully. Maybe when the boys really get the opportunity to be themselves, there will be less crime and suicide. No matter how he behaves, just follow the voice from the heart. Let the boys be who they are, more acceptance and love is need for who they are.

Public Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Economics - Essay Example The major problem in the idea of dismantling monopoly of public school stems from the fact that such an approach will improve quality of public education by increasing competition among schools.   Several economists have pointed out to reasons that make political control of education inefficient. In fact, the poor performance of schools in America had been largely linked to the public control of education. Economists who support this notion believe that political force, instead of forces of competition, drives production; otherwise, producers and consumers will end up spending more time in catering to the political needs, instead of focusing on the satisfaction of consumers. Inefficiency creeps into the system as producers become complacent under the protection of the government and consumers fail to obtain better quality of service. Public schools did not have to compete with their rivals, which had increased their social costs. The public had no choice, but to send their children to local national schools. This rendered the whole system ineffective (Gwartney 159-173). Friedman has been one of the earliest economists who had suggested the chief rationales that lay behind government intervention in the field of education, namely effects of the neighborhood and concerns of parents. The government had to make these two arguments in order to nationalize the system of education. However, according to the views of Friedman, the system of education could be improved without nationalization and had introduced the concept of  education vouchers in schooling.

Concept Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concept Analysis - Research Paper Example The theoretical basis of self care as a nursing concept is based on a number of theories that particularly attempt to explain behavior changes associated with self care practices and why some individuals do or do not undertake some of the self care activities. According to Orem’s conceptual theory of self care, individuals have a strong need to achieve maximum level of independence and take care of themselves. On the other hand, the self regulation model of self care developed Leventhal and Robitaille (1998) argues that the individuals’ differences and motivations is a critical factor that determines their ability to initiate and sustain self care practices. This paper critically analyzes the concept of self care with particular focus to the insights, validity and reliability of the contributions of different authors to the development of the concept. Aims of the analysis The primary aim of this concept analysis is to provide an important insight and critical review of the concept of self care using the methodology of (Walker and Avant, 2010). The other important purpose of this critique is to provide an integrated discussion of the importance of self care in nursing practice using the diverse view points and empirical scientific arguments from different authors. Lastly, the findings of this concept analysis will be important in the future scientific studies regarding the varying abilities of individuals to initiate and sustain self care related behaviors. Literature review on the concept of self care and its uses There is considerable variation in the documented theories and conclusions supporting the concept of self care as an important nursing practice. Generally most researchers have based their arguments on the current existing theories of behavior change in their attempt to develop and explain the themes and concept of self care. In their theory of self regulation model of self care, Leventhal and Robitaille (1998) suggests that differences in motivations is one of the primary factors influencing the ability of individuals to initiate and sustain self care related behaviors. The two authors further developed an empirical model that illustrated the interactions between an individual’s reality and his /her emotional reactions. Gantz (1990) also concur that it is through such reactions that the procedures and actions plans for managing symptoms of illnesses and health problems can be generated. On the other hand, Orem (2001), proposed a theory that attempted to explain the concept of self care based on the nature of care environments where nursing interventions are undertaken. According to many authors, self care is one of the most important complements to professional health care that is usually given to persons with chronic illnesses and other health related problems. According to Norburn and Ory (1995), self care behavior is a broader concept that goes beyond simply following the doctor’s advice and incor porates patients learning and using their previous experience to help them restore their health. The potential benefits of self care as a nursing practice include reduced health care costs, enhanced working relationship between patients and health care providers, increased patient experience as well as the overall improvement of the patients perception of

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research report - Essay Example Some of the events that took place in the US music industry in 1993 included; the stamp named Elvis Preley that was given out by the US postal service on the 8th of January that year. Also, the original soundtrack album named the bodyguard was ranked first in history. Since then Nielson Sound scan came up with a monitoring systems that had computerized sales in May of 1990 for selling of copies that exceeded on million in one week in the US on the 9th of January. On 12th of January cream reunited for a performance in the induction ceremony of rock and roll hall of fame. On the 13th of the same month bobby brown became arrested for simulating an act that was sexual on stage. This happened in Augusta, Georgia, USA (Tschmuc, 35). On February same year many events took place that include; interviews of Michael Jackson by Oprah Winfrey on the prime time special of the US Television on 10th. This was the Jackson’s first interview in 14 years and was the interview that was most watched in the history of television. On 14th Harry Nilsson suffered a heart attack that was not fatal. Some of the events that took place in March same year included; Patti Labelle was honored as star of the walk of fame of Hollywood in USA. On 4th, Depeche Mode was ranked the first band in Britain to achieve the first position in USA in the 200 billboard which performed the album known as songs of faith and devotion. On the 29th, the suede album eponymous debut was released. It entered 1st position in the album chart as it was the fastest moving album in terms of selling in Britain. This was a new record in the UK act (Unterberger, Samb and Jennifer 14). In April the events that took place included; Jay Roach who was a screen writer married Bangles’ Susanna Hoff’s in Los Angele, USA on 17th. On 22nd, a Broadway was opened by The Who’s Tommy. On 29th, the Barry white animation version was shown in the episode cartoon series of the US television. On the 7th of June which was

Critical Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Literature Review - Essay Example Therefore, they should be sheltered and protected under all circumstances. Moreover, the best way to protect them is to keep them away from the social life, locked inside the walls of the house for the rest of her lifetime (Brà ¼ckner, pp. 44-46, 2004). There are so many examples all over the world and throughout the history that indicate the gender disparity, gender inequality, sexism, or stratification of genders. Despite the fact that over the past decades, the situation has improved a bit but still there is a long way to travel. It is very difficult to talk about a world where there would be equal opportunities in relation to gender (Pasero, pp. 219-228, 2003). In fact, this is virtually impossible to implement all around the globe. There are several reasons for this strong but bitter assumption. We live in a world where, consciously or unconsciously, we have created some strong and irrevocable social perception and outlook of gender. In fact, gender is not just a symbol of any one’s reproductive role but it has become a symbol and determinant of one’s behavior, attitudes, and role expectations (Tomm, Hamilton, Mackie & Calgary Institute for the Humanities, pp. 159-167, 1998). For example, a female school teacher, if announces that she would be late for a class or would not be able to make an appearance the next day; this statement from her would not get so much of attention if the same statement is put forward by a male teacher. Actually, after hearing the same from the father we would start thinking about different things and would make various assumptions in out minds. That he would be a single father, or may be he is too nice or may be his wife is too busy with other stuff. This happens because as individuals grow up in human societies they quickly learn ab out their roles and expected behaviors (Chaneles, pp. 85-92, 1984). For example, both men

Repot based on prepared financial statment Essay

Repot based on prepared financial statment - Essay Example The company’ profitability position was strong. It generated strong ROCE of 17.9% and ROA of 15.73. It implies that the company was efficiently utilizing its assets to generate high profits from its operations. It was reflected from operating profit margin of 10.4% and gross profit margin of 48.70%. The liquidity position of the company was reported to be strong. Both current and quick ratios had values greater than one, which is significant as the company had a high value of current assets that could cover its current obligations. The company’s converted its inventory into sales in 76.6 days, which suggested slow movement and inventory turnover of just 4.77. However, the company was efficient to collect cash for its receivables. On the other hand, the company paid its suppliers in 46.7 days. Moreover, the company only generated  £1.51 of sales for every  £1 invested in assets. The company’s leverage position was very weak. The gearing ratio value was 21.28, which suggested that the company highly depends on external borrowing to meet its business requirements. Moreover, it incurred high interest costs that consumer most of the company’s operating profits i.e.

Cybercrime, privacy and security concepts in the film WarGames Essay

Cybercrime, privacy and security concepts in the film WarGames - Essay Example Therefore, he takes his time to engage in cybercrimes and hacking of computer security codes in search of games to play (Bischoff, 1983). His hacking practice eventually leads him to a US supercomputer that is highly secured, due to the sensitive nature of the information it contains. This information is potentially dangerous and capable of causing world destruction through sparking World War III, which is a war of nuclear weapons. The super computer was programmed to launch missile attacks automatically, on the event of being ordered to start such an action, after the Air Force Strategic missile operatives were unwilling to turn on the button which could spark off the nuclear missile attacks (Franklin, 2008). Considering that none of the operatives wanted to be the cause of the devastating attack that could wipe out the whole world, a super computer had to be programmed, which could easily be turned into action by a simple computer operation procedure. Therefore, initially perceivin g the WOPR (War Operation Plan Response) program as another exciting game, David Lightman, (Broderick) embarks on a mission to unearth the backdoor password that can be used to hack into, and access the Supercomputer details (Bischoff, 1983). Being a computer whizz, and with the help of his friend who were also hackers, Broderick eventually manages to unearth the backdoor password and starts operating the computer program by running the nuclear war simulation, through his own computer (Franklin, 2008). Considering the threat posed by this computer operation, the simulation scares the whole security and military departments, since it almost causes a full blown World War III, which is a devastating war of nuclear missiles. This cyber crime and security intrusion into the US military department security systems is a form of black hat hacking. This is because, black hat hacking entails the process of violating and cracking computer security systems with malicious intentions of benefitin g oneself (Hanser, 2011). Broderick had been hacking other computer security systems previously, to gain access to computer games that he could play. In the process of searching for more interesting computer games, other than chess, poker and checkers which he had previously accessed, he embarked on searching for new games, which led him to the supercomputer, which seemed to possess a different nature of games than he had been used to (Bischoff, 1983). This practice of hacking into other computer security systems and accessing games to play, instead of purchasing such games from the manufacturers or retailers, is a selfish crime. Additionally, hacking into other security systems without the knowledge of the owners of the systems, regardless of the intentions an individual has, is malicious and damaging (Johnston, 2011). Therefore, this act of Broderick hacking and accessing the security systems of the US supercomputer and his continuation to simulate the war programs is a form of bl ack hat hacking, since it involves the violation of computer security and privacy laws (Subramanian, 2008). The fictional narration of this film falls under the following three categories: Cybercrime Cybercrime refers to any act of an individual to use computers or computer networks for crime. This can occur in the form of using the computer to commit crime or targeting other computers with some criminal intentions (Hanser, 2011).The film WarGames (1983), depicts both forms of crime. There is a crime of using computers to commit a violation of the acceptable computer privacy and security guidelines. Here, Broderick, who is a bright but highly unmotivated teenager, engages in the act of using

Dq8m9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dq8m9 - Essay Example That is why it is important that every organization in business must include the social responsibility as part of their strategy. Norman who is a professor of ethics in Business looks critically at a number of prevalent and quasi-academic outlines for identifying and mitigating beyond-compliance responsibility such as CSR, organizational citizenship, sustainability, shareholder theory and triple bottom-line. His working theory is that beyond compliance responsibilities can be vindicated by using the same ideas and methods we use in vindicating particular guidelines. He also focuses on â€Å"ethical Politicization† and more generally on the nature of answerable behavior in the business-government dealings (Norman 2012 p.75). The idea of corporate social responsibility is exceptionally valuable and hard-worn social benefit. It is a vehicle for endorsing transparency, more tone liability, better communique, honesty, mutually advantageous exchange and functional development. In pr oviding a clear way of critiquing business inside and out of its borders, it is now an essential condition for businesses to have morals and to exercise modern entrepreneurship (Jeremy 2009 p34). It is especially important for the growing global economics, while at the same time it is a delicate issue. However, different researchers are coming up with different views on this topic with one group arguing that business must operate under proper values and the other arguing that social responsibility is a complicated issue and cannot work successfully. According to Moses Pava, Former US secretary Robert Reich is one example of those who oppose the social responsibility advocators (Pava 2008 p.38). He believes that it is a project that can never succeed and campaigning for it is a waste of time and money. Reich points this failure in the raising political power but does not clearly state exactly what his argument is all about. He however, wants this idea dropped and as it is not one tha t could work and the only reason for him is the rise in corporate political power an argument thought as not so convincing according to Pava. Critiques like Reich are therefore, needed to listen keenly to those who have continuously been pushing for more and improved corporate social accountability as they may need to respond to his argument. Understanding the state of business and the processes in it, Reich and other should be convinced that corporate social responsibility is a vital foundation for business morals and for current capitalism. Lack of social corporate responsibility will create an avenue for unnecessary exploitation and great benefits for a few traders and that would not make sense. Reich’s concern in this issue is that rules advocating for the social corporate responsibility are not safe for business as they could cause a lot of harm. He believes that if businesses should prosper, then, they should focus mainly on customer satisfaction and maximization of cor porate profits for stakeholders (Pava 2008p. 50). He says that ethical and social responsibility is individual and can be practiced in those terms instead of setting up policies that direct organizations to operate under ethical social responsibilities, which would frustrate the freedom for organizations to achieve their goals. Pierre, on

Computer Forensic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Computer Forensic - Essay Example The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized [11]. The Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. It was ratified as a response to the abuse of the writ of assistance which was a type of general search warrant in the American Revolution. It specified that any warrant must be judicially sanctioned for a search or an arrest in order for such a warrant to be considered reasonable. Warrants must be supported by probable cause and be limited in scope according to specific information supplied by a person. It only applies to governmental actors and to criminal law [3]. An example would be if a warrant is issued for child porn on an individual’s computer, but finds records of embezzlement, the embezzlement records could not be used in a court of law. The exception is if the police could justify obtaining a warrant to search the computer for records of embezzlement. The Fourth Amendment interposes a magistrate as an impartial arbiter between the defendant and the police. The magistrate may issue a search warrant if the magistrate or judge is convince that probable cause exists to support a belief that evidence of a crime is located at the premises. The officer must prepare an affidavit that describes the basis for probable cause and the affidavit must limit the area to be searched and evidence searched for. The warrant thus gives the police only a limited right to violate a citizen’s privacy. If the police exceed that limited right, or if a warrant is required, but the police have not first obtained

Effects of temperature Essay Example for Free

Effects of temperature Essay Some of these are variables that were mentioned earlier and could not be controlled, or even variables that were not initially considered. While performing the experiment, some of the oxygen produced from photosynthesis may have dissolved into the water. Microorganisms living on the pondweed may have used some oxygen. Although the amount of oxygen dissolved or used by microbes may be insignificant to the final result, when considered alongside the other variables this factor may be attributed to a significant change in the results. Some oxygen is also used during the respiration of the plant. As only the volume of oxygen produced was recorded the change in bubble size was not accounted for when the results were analysed. For a more accurate analysis of the data, using a capillary tube in place of the test tube so that the size and volume of each bubble could have been measured would have eliminated this inaccuracy. There are also factors affecting accuracy at low light intensities. With low light intensity, the pondweed receives some light energy from background light such as sunlight seeping through curtains or the light from the lamp of another students experiment. To eliminate extra artificial light from interfering with the results, the experiment must be performed in a completely dark room. The methodology of the experiment is also likely to account for any errors made, so in order to improve reliability and validity of the results some methodological features must be improved upon or changed completely. A capillary tube and a syringe should be used in place of the test tube to accurately measure the volume of the oxygen produced. Due to the high rates of photosynthesis of the pondweed, readings should be taken within shorter time periods. Doing so decreases the likelihood of human error occurring. Due to the nature and convenience of the experiment, it could be easily modified to investigate other variables of photosynthesis. An experiment using almost identical apparatus would be to vary the colour of the light the plant absorbs. Using translucent colour filters in front the lamps could vary this. Whilst doing the experiment several times contributed to the accuracy of the experiment, there were factors that detracted from it. The method of measuring the rate of photosynthesis by the frequency of bubbles was one. The volume of the bubbles could have varied, meaning that a larger or smaller amount of oxygen could have been released without being recorded. To eliminate these errors, using apparatus like a micro-burette or some other tool for measuring small volumes of gas may overcome small inaccuracies. This would make the results more accurate and reliable. Modifications: Limitations. The room temperature may fluctuate. Â  The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water may be reduced during experiment. The rate of gas evolution is not consistent. Â  There are other light sources, which may interfere with the results. Artificial light will increase temperature, as a 60watt bulb will be used, some energy will be lost as heat energy. Â  Are the bubbles being observed actually oxygen? Setting up the apparatus and placing it in a water bath may overcome the first error. Doing so will ensure that a constant temperature is maintained throughout the experiment. To avoid other light sources interfering with the experiment shelter the apparatus up so that the pondweed only receives light from the table lamp. To ensure consistency of gas evolution when changing to a new condition, the plant should be equilibrated for at least 10 minutes before taking any readings. Using a dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate solution ensures a constant supply of carbon dioxide to the pondweed, avoiding fluctuation of carbon dioxide concentrations. To test for presence of oxygen simply lower a glowing splint into the test tube containing the gas; if the splint relights this indicates that oxygen is present. Using this test increases reliability of the results. The presence of the lamp may cause the temperature to increase; to prevent this from happening ice can be used to maintain a constant temperature. Further experiments could be implemented to test other factors that may have an affect on the rate of photosynthesis. Light intensity has been found to have an affect on photosynthesis. This can be investigated by placing a light at varying distances from the elodea plant and recording the number of bubbles produced. Other experiments in this area could also include testing the rate of photosynthesis with different amounts of chlorophyll in the plants. References: 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 Glenn and Susan Toole, (1999) Biology for Advanced level. Stanley Thornes pg. 282-5. 4, 5 and 6 D. O. Hall and K. K. Rao, (1992) New studies in biology, Photosynthesis. Cambridge University Press, pg 13-14.

Physical fitness Cardio-vascular endurance

Physical fitness Cardio-vascular endurance Fitness components in sport Health related components Cardio-vascular endurance Cardio-vascular endurance is how the body supplies oxygen to fuel the muscles when participating in sport or high endurance events and situations. It does this through the heart, blood vessels, blood and respiratory system. Footballers need cardio-vascular endurance when the play because they need to be able to run throughout the whole 90 mins. Oxygen to the muscles is what allows them to do this. Swimmers need cardio-vascular endurance when they do long distance races e.g. 1500m swimming race where their body need a descent supply of oxygen to the muscles from start to finish. Boxers need to have excellent c-v endurance to be able to compete at a strong pace throughout a fight. Their muscles need oxygen in order to work throughout a fight so that they can throw punch after punch and block after block. Both these motions need the muscles to contract, flex and tense. Muscular endurance Muscular endurance is the ability to perform repetitive or sustained muscular contractions against some resistance for an extended period of time. Muscular endurance allows athletes to do more strenuous work. Footballers need muscular endurance to be able to repeatedly use muscles throughout a match e.g. in sprinting a player uses the quads and caths over and over throughout the game. In swimming they use their muscles continually over the race e.g. in butterfly they use most if not all the bodies muscles to drag themselves through the water. Boxers need muscular endurance to be able to continuously throw punches from round one to round twelve because they need to be swinging away for the whole fight but if they cant then they wont be able to fight the whole twelve rounds. Muscular strength Muscular strength is the ability of an athlete to perform a sport at a sustained high tempo for a short amount of time. Footballers need muscular strength to be able to exert strength when they shoot the ball from a long distance so that it travels fast and with power towards their target. Swimmers use strength when they push of the back board after a length in order to start the next lap. This requires the use and strength from the quads, calfs and foot muscles for the push off. In boxing when a fight needs to dodge a shot they may use the tactic of leaning back to avoid the punch. This requires the use the abdominal muscles. These need strength to be able to support his upper body as he leans back. Flexibility There are two types of flexibility. They are static flexibility and dynamic flexibility. Static is when an athlete slowly stretch and hold the position for a period of time. Dynamic is when an athlete makes a quick movement in which they stretch. In football a goal keeper needs flexibility when he stretches for the ball e.g. when the ball is heading for the top corner. Swimmers need good flexibility to be able to stretch their arms out properly and have a good stroke length e.g. Michael Phellps showed good flexibility when he was waiting on the starting board by showing his arm span and stretching it to its relaxed max before the start of the race. Boxers dont really need too much flexibility but the one time they do need is when they lean back. They stretch the back throughout this movement. Body composition Body composition is the amount of fat, bone and muscle in the human body. Athletes need different body compositions to perform different sports. Footballers need to have a slim body composition because they need to be able to carry their weight around the pitch. If a footballer is fat then it makes it harder to run for long periods and also makes it harder to carry their own body weight. Swimmers need to be slim so that they can travel through the water faster and smoother. Depending on a boxers weight class a boxer needs to big and heavy or thin and light. This is so they can perform fairly at their weight class. Skill-related fitness Balance Balance is a skill that is naturally learnt after birth but can be developed further by an athlete so they can perform their sport properly. Balance is important because we must stay in a state of complete balance when performing are sports So that we dont fall over when performing. Some athletes need more balance than others. Footballers need balance when they shot. They put their arms into a supportive stance for when they hit the ball so that they dont lose their balance. Swimmers need balance when they are getting ready to dive in at the start of a race. A good balance can give them a good start allows them to get a head start. Boxer need balance so they can throw strong punches and put their whole body weight behind the shot also when they dodge shots they need to have good balance to enable them to recover into the stance quicker. Speed Speed is the quickness of a limb over a distance in time but it does not just affect the legs it involves all limbs and body parts from legs, torso to arms. Some footballers need to be fast this needs speed e.g. a winger needs speed because he is expected to run the lines to create the opposition with a problem. Swimmers need speed when they lash through the water to keep a good stroke per minute time. Boxers need speed when they throw a jab so that they can catch the opponent off guard and also so they can get out the way of any counter punches. Power Power is the ability to apply force quickly. A simple equation for power is: muscular strength X speed = Power. http://somatotype.net/nzfitness/pages/CompOFfit.htm . Power contains speed because in order to apply force you need speed. Footballers need power when shooting at goal. They need the quads and the calfs to gather up power on their way to the ball so that the shot can be harder and faster. Swimmers need power to be able to pull them through the water at pace e.g. when they do the freestyle they need to have fast, strong and powerful stokes. Boxer throw punch after punch, these punches need to be fast and power full so that they are unseen and effective e.g. a hook needs to be fast and power full so that the opponent does not see it and even if he does block the shot it will still hurt. Reaction time Reaction time is the time it takes for an athlete to react to a situation that is happening very quickly (The time taken to react to any stimuli). A goal keeper in football needs to have fast reacting times to be able to react to shots coming from 50yds to 2yds. Swimmers need to be able to react to the starting alarm as quickly impossible so that they are not left behind and can establish a lead. For boxers to be able to dodge in coming punches they need to react to the earliest stimuli and duck and swerve out the way. Agility Agility is the ability to stop and change direction or movement quickly. Footballers need agility because the game can change so quickly e.g. the goalkeeper blocks a shoot but the ball lands right in front of the goal, the player with best agility should react quickest and move fastest in order to defend it or strike it into the goal. Swimmers dont really need to be to agile but one place they do need it is when they are turning around for the next length because they need this switch of direction to be as quick as possible also being in water makes it harder because of the extra resistance. Boxers need to be agile unless they want to take hit after hit without getting out the way. When a boxer is be attacked by his opponent he will need the agility in his muscles to be able to move lightening quick to get out the way. Co-ordination Co-ordination is the ability to do something in a combination continuously. Footballers need co-ordination so that they can move the ball fluently between their legs because in football its not just putting on foot in front of the other it also about judging the speed of the ball and your own speed. Then when you shot you need to have placed your feet in the right places this takes co-ordination. Swimmers need co-ordination throughout a race. It quite easy but they need to co-ordinate when they should come up for oxygen so that they dont lose their speedy pace for example in the freestyle the swimmers have a number of strokes that they prefer to do before they come up for oxygen. This is all quite simple but if you lose your count and co-ordination then you can do too many stroke or too few and lose your oxygen pattern.

Self assessments in leadership

Self assessments in leadership This assignment comprised of five essays based on the completion of self-assessments on (1) Self-Confidence, (2) Leader-Member Exchange, (3) Trust in Leadership, (4) Job Affect, and (5) Motivation to Lead. Self Confidence. The purpose of this assessment is to assess a leaders generalized self-efficacy. There are many reasons a leader needs self-confidence because being a leader is a very difficult job. According to Pierce and Newstrom (2008), leaders must know their worth and trust themselves without letting their ego, or image get in the way. To accomplish this, leaders must have self-confidence by acting confidently and acknowledge their fears, and avoid thinking in terms of perfection and imperfection. The leadership self-assessment is to determine leadership styles and effectiveness. Many factors were taken into consideration in this self-assessment that allowed for positive and realistic perception when evaluating leadership abilities. This self-assessment was characterized by personal attributes such as assertiveness, optimism, enthusiasm, affection, pride, independence, trust, and the ability to handle criticism and emotional maturity. The score on this self-assessment ranged from 1 through 7, with one indicating the statement is strongly disagreed, and 7 indicating that the statement is in strong agreement. An overall score of 6 or greater indicates a strong sense of self-efficacy with the highest score being a 7. There were seventeen questions on this self-assessment. On the question of making plans work, a score of seven out of a total score of 7 was achieved by this author. When faced with difficult situations, a score of 4 was achieved out of a total of 7 on this question. On this self-assessment this author achieved an overall score of 5.3 which is close to the high of six that is set for this assessment. According to the criteria set for this assessment and in interpreting the scores, it was identified that the one area that needs improvement is with handling difficult situations. This area can be improved by building on self-confidence. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) self-confidence plays an important role in decision making and in gaining trust. There are two main things that contribute to self-confidence that can help, and they are self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Self-efficacy is gained when mastering skills and achieving goals that matter in the skilled areas. By learning and working hard in a particular area, success will be achieved. This is the type of confidence that leads people to accept difficult challenges, and persist in the face of setbacks. This overlaps with the idea of self-esteem, which in a more general sense takes place when coping with whats going on in a persons life, and the right to be happy. In part, this comes from a feeling that the people around us approve of us, which we may or may not be able to control. It also comes from the sense that we are behaving virtuously, and are competent at what we do, and that we can compete successfully. The action plan that is being set to address needed growth, to improve on this situation, is to take stock of the present, address and focus on the future. A commitment to starting this action plan and staying with it must be achieved so that the needed growth can be realized. In preparing for this journey, a look at what have already been achieved is necessary. To accomplish this, listing the ten best things that was achieved in an achievement log is needed. Among some of the things that should be noted in the achievement log are such things as whether a key role in an important team project was accomplished; whether an achievement was reached in producing the best sales figures in a period; whether something that made a key difference in someone elses life took place, or whether delivery of a project that meant a lot for the company was accomplished. These are some of the things that should be listed. This list should then be reviewed often and time should be spent each week enjoyi ng the success that was achieved, so that improvements will be built to further the growth of this success. Another technique that should be used to address needed growth is to use the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The SWOT analysis can be used to take a look at strengths and weaknesses, and from this, consider the opportunities and threats that are being faced. This will lead to thinking about whats important, and what direction to take. Once this is accomplished, goals must be set which must be measured by success. By hitting on the targeted goals that are set, and coupled with self-confidence, key factors in enhancing growth areas will eventually be achieved. The leadership self-assessment is very helpful in identifying areas that are needed for improvement since these areas directly relate to leadership growth. Interpreting the scores provide an awareness of a leaders worth because every leader must know their worth and trust them without letting their ego or image get in the way. This is one area that needs improvement because recognizing a leaders strengths will help to compensate for any weaknesses. The need to have the capacity to distinguish between perceived skills, and what the job requires are important as well. The findings from the self-assessment will help in recognizing areas that need improvement to enhance a leaders ability which will lead to becoming an outstanding leader. This will result in sound decision making, planning, organizing, directing, and controlling by the leader. Leader-Member Exchange This self-assessment is to assess the leader-member exchange relationship. Seven statements were provided that required the follower in a group to think of a situation for which there is a leader and indicate the degree to which there is agreement, or disagreement. The purpose of this assessment is to determine trust in leadership and team performance. There are three aspects of leadership that are explored in this assessment, fairness, trust, and ethical behavior. A score of 6 or greater indicates that there is a high quality leader-member exchange relationship with the leader. A low score of two or less suggests that there is a low quality leader-member exchange relationship with the leader. On this self-assessment this author scored 6.5 out of a total of 7. The score that was achieved on this self-assessment suggests that this author, the follower, has a high-quality leader-member exchange relationship with the leader. This score has connected to key concepts that are presented in the text. For example, recent evidence conducted by Wayne, Shore, Linden, 1997, suggests that followers who experience a high quality leader-member evidence exchange relationship may help their leader by carrying out their required role activities and by engaging in good citizenship behaviors. The follower will go beyond their expected role requirements in exchange for the benefits provided by the leader in the exchange process. The action plan that is set to address needed growth areas is to seek out probing questions, such as what makes a follower unique in the organization, and identify any accomplishments that will make the follower proud of. Reflecting on the most important work-related values, and figuring out values that are met, and those that are not met, will help improve needed growth areas. Probing questions that should be taken into consideration such as whether working with people, data, things, or ideas are satisfying, will help in identifying which mixture would be most satisfying for a follower and why when building growth areas. Since performance reviews are based on past performance, and connected to a supervisors view on an employee, reflecting on the last performance review will help in improving on growth areas that need to be strengthened. To enhance on growth areas, asking good probing questions, and avoiding ones that give only yes, or no answers will assist. This will allow the best way to gain a deeper understanding of what really matters to an employer. Practical application to individual leadership growth: The self-assessment focused on the leader-follower relationship. It introduces the concepts of fairness, trust, and ethical behavior. The self-assessment also focused on leadership as a relationship between leader and follower and extends the leader-member exchange theory to consider issues of organizational justice. The findings on this self-assessment, based on the cores, showed whether trust affects team performance, and whether trust in leadership mediates the relationship between past and future team performance. A score of 6.5 shows that this author has a high quality leader-member exchange relationship with the leader. The lesson learned from taking this self-assessment shows that part of leadership is observational learning done by the subordinates, and it is important that ethical values and conduct are demonstrated at all times. This will help with leadership growth because overall, leaders are expected to be honest, considerate of followers, fair in decisions, and make decisions based on ethics; but none of these aspects constitute ethical leadership by themselves. Gaining experience working in a highly ethical organization can help contribute to ethical leadership characteristics that are carried with the leader from one organization to another. This will be applied in any job that calls for leadership qualities. Trust in Leadership: The purpose of this self-assessment is to evaluate trust in leadership and team performance. Trust can be defined as an expectation or belief that one can rely on another persons actions and words that the person has good intentions. Trust in leadership is meaningful because the leader typically has the most formal power on the team, causing others to be vulnerable to him or her. The self-assessment was based on a score of 1 through 7 with one reflecting that there is strong disagreement with the statement and seven indicating strong agreement. A score of six and above reflects a high level of trust in leadership and team performance. There were nine questions. The overall score on this self-assessment was an 8.2 reflecting that most team members trust and respect their leader. This author scored an 8. The interpretation of this self-assessment score shows that there is a high level of trust in leadership and team performance. This self-assessment provides an awareness that trust in leadership is important. This awareness allows the team to be willing to accept the leaders activities, goals, and decisions, and working hard to achieve them will be their ultimate goal. This self-assessment is connected to key concepts presented in the text because trust in leadership has a positive effect on team performance. Trust in leadership mediates the relationship between past team performance and future team performance. Trust in leadership allows the team members to suspend their questions, doubts, and personal motives and instead throw themselves into working toward team goals. Specific plan of action that needs to be addressed is to identify and enhance growth areas by ascertaining ones present position. This growth area can be enhanced by using a variety of tools including interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, and data that are already available inside the organization. Once the data is collected, it can be used as a benchmark from which to establish short-term, and long-term goals, and objectives for relationship, trust, and team performance. The score, interpretation, and action plan on this self-assessment will be used to enhance and improve leadership skills because as a leader, one of the main priorities is to get the job done, whatever the job is. The findings on this self-assessment will be used to make things happen by knowing what the objectives are and having a plan of action on how to achieve them. This can be done by building a team committed to achieving the objectives and helping each team member give their best efforts. A leader must know their strengths and weaknesses, so that they can build the best team around them. 4. Job Affect: The job affect evaluation is designed to measure mood at work. The purpose of this assessment is to determine how people felt at work, while on the job during the past week. Mood at work, as assessed here is a state-based condition. Therefore, as a state-based condition, people can express different moods, depending upon the state to which they are exposed. On the other hand, mood can be relatively stable across emotional states and across time. Achieving a sore of four and greater on this assessment implies a high level of affect and a score of two or less imply a low level of affect. This authors overall score was a four. The job affect assessment is designed to measure mood at work and to decipher how people felt at work while on the job during the past week. Since this evaluation is a state based condition, people can express different moods, depending upon their state to which they are exposed. Mood can be relatively stable across emotional situations and across time. According to Pierce and Newstrom (2007), leaders who have strong positive affect are characterized as possessing an air of confidence, competency, and optimism. Leaders with strong positive affect transfer their energy to others and to be characterized as leaders of cohesive, productive work groups. The action plan to address needed growth areas specifically comes from confidence. Leaders are more likely to be assertive, decisive, and emotionally stable if they have self confidence. Confidence in self plays an important role in decision-making and in gaining others trust. To enhance growth areas, leaders need to have cognitive ability to formulate suitable strategies, solve problems, and make correct decisions. Effective leaders must have great knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters. Industry knowledge and aspects of self-confidence can be developed through experience and training. Improvement of traits corresponding to leadership will be implemented. Traits such as drive that leads to achieve more, become ambitious, show and energy, tenacity and initiative are all qualities that need to be developed and nurtured to be a successful leader. Interpreting and evaluating the scores on this job affect self-assessment will help and can be used to improve leadership growth in such areas as traits, skills, and behavior. Since effective leadership is essential in increasing organizational performance, leadership success in todays competitive environment requires the combination of leadership traits, skills and behavior, and the understanding of how these elements interact in the leaders role. Leadership development is not universal; instead, leadership development programs must be tailored to each organization. These findings can be used to invest in leadership training and development that will enhance the competencies and capabilities of existing leaders, ensure leaders have the ability to effectively resolve competitive and economic challenges, and help leaders inspire and engage the organization and its management team to enhance overall business performance. 5. Motivation to Lead This self-assessment focuses on motivation to lead. According to Kirpatick and Locke (1991), leadership motivation involves the desire to influence and lead others, and is often equated with the need for power. People with high leadership motivation think a lot about influencing other people, winning an argument, or being the greater authority. Many people prefer to be in a leadership rather than subordinate role, and this assessment will help leaders know whether they have the ability to be a good leader. Achieving a score of 6 and above for each of the three motivations-to lead dimensions indicates a strong motivation to lead based on that factor. A sore of two or less indicates a weak motivation to lead based on the specified factor. The highest score is a 7 and the lowest a one. On this assessment, this author scored a 4.6 on the affective identify-based motivation to lead. On the non-calculative-based motivation to lead a score of 4 was achieved and a score of 4.8 was obtained on social normative based motivation to lead. An average score of 4.5 was achieved indicating that this author has the traits necessary to become a leader. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), leadership traits are important preconditions giving an individual the potential to be an effective leader. Traits are an important part of the picture, although each trait accounted for a small portion of the criterion variance. Leadership is proactive rather than passive in nature and while a leaders traits are important tools, the traits must fit the situation. Specific action plan needed to address growth areas in motivating a leader, and key traits that need strengthening were identified in this self-evaluation. Traits such as drive, desire to lead, honesty/integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of the business are important traits that need to be strengthened. Other possible characteristics of effective leaders that should be considered for improvement will be charisma, creativity, originality, flexibility, and adaptiveness. Industry knowledge and aspects of self-confidence can be developed through experience and training. Honesty does not require skill-building because it is a virtue that one achieves or rejects by choice. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), regardless if leaders are born or made or some combination of both, it is clear that leaders are not like other people. Leaders do not have to be great men, or intellectual geniuses. While a leaders traits are important tools, the traits must fit the situation, for instance a strong relationship between intelligence and leadership exists because a person does not emerge as a leader simply by possessing key leadership traits. Confidence in the self plays an important role in decision-making. By gaining others trust and developing self-confidence, leaders are more likely to be assertive, decisive, and emotionally stable. Effective leaders must be proactive. They must make choices and take action that will lead to change instead of reacting to events or waiting for things to happen. They must show a high level of initiative. .

A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay -- Flannery OCo

"A Good Man is Hard to Find" by Flannery O'Connor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story, 'A Good Man is Hard to Find', the main character is the grandmother. Flannery O'Connor, the author, lets the reader find out who the grandmother is by her conversations and reactions to the other characters in the story. The grandmother is the most important character in the story because she has a main role in the stories principal action. This little old lady is the protagonist in this piece. We learn more about her from her direct conversation with the son, Bailey, her grandchildren, June Star and John Wesley, and the Misfit killer. Through these conversations, we know that she is a lady raised from a traditional background. In the story, her attitude changes more than once to accommodate the surroundings that she is in. With the data provided, we can tell that the grandmother goes from not wanting to go to Florida, to anxious to go, and in the end, I felt as if she went off the deep end. All of the sudden, the only thing she really concentr ates on is Jesus and her not being killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The action in the entire story surrounds and normally begins with something the grandmother has said or done. At the very beginning of the story, she starts off by stating that she does not want to go to Florida. She would rather go to east Tennessee and tried anything she could to change Bailey?s mind (Page 426). Later in the story, as they began the trip to Florida, the grandmother talked the entire time. She would tell stories of her youth to the grandchildren and lecture them about being more respectful to their native state, and to their parents. Although the grandmother is the protagonist, it is her fault that the trip ended in the devastating way that it did. She, unknowingly, led her entire family to their fate. She is even more responsible for the deaths because of what she brought on the trip with her. If there had been no cat, there would have not been an accident. If the accident would not have happened, the family had an extremely good chance to survi ve their vacation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things that happen in the story that gives more information about the grandmother. The reader can tell that the woman is paranoid by her conversations at the start of this story. She reads about the Misfit killer and assumes it would be dangerous to travel to Florida with a man like that on t... ... her days, people that were raised well in good families did not commit hainus crimes like murder. She could not believe that this man was capable of killing her. In the end, after her entire family was killed, she realized that her time was up. She made a last desperate attempt to save her life and ultimately failed. The Misfit killer shot her three times. The killer then says, ?she would have been a good woman if there had been someone to shoot her every minute of her life?(Page 436). This statement leads me to believe that he knew what type of woman that she was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of this story is the actual meaning of ?A Good Man is Hard to Find.? Most people think that is a term meant just for a woman trying to find a man to fall in love with. In this story, it has a complete different meaning. Through the grandmother?s eyes, it was not only good men that were gone, but it was also the good life. I believe she was ready for death, but this was not the death that she wanted. Works Cited: O?Connor, Flannery. ?A Good Man is Hard to Find.? Literature: An introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 8th ed. New York: Longman, 2002.

Stevenson and Conrad: The Duality of Human Nature Essay -- Victorian A

The Victorian Age marked a period of immense transition in many aspects of human life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, a work that opposed the traditional way of perceiving religion. Candyce Klin author of â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue†, states that The Origin of Species proposed the theory that all living creatures had to compete within their own preconditions in order to survive. This may be why the controversial issue of the duality of human nature has been found at the heart of many Victorian works. The theme of the duality of man can be found in the works of two famous English authors, Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad. Stevenson and Conrad both incorporate the theme of the duality of human nature within their own novellas. Stevenson employs this theme throughout his novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and similarly Conrad employs this theme throughout his novella Heart of Darkness. In both novellas the theme is found i n the literary devices of symbolism and personification. Although both works embody the theme of the duality of human nature, each author takes their own individual approach in utilizing literary techniques to help preserve this crucial theme. Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh on November 13, 1850. From a young age Stevenson was fascinated with the darker side of human nature, reflecting his abiding interest in the concept of a double life (The Norton Anthology of English Literature 1643). Stevenson composed The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1855, publishing it the follow year in 1856. Upon publication The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde expeditiously became a best seller in both Britain and America (The Norton Anthology of English... ...ample of symbolism is ivory. In Heart of Darkness ivory symbolizes greed and the calamitous nature of man, or the evil side. All throughout the novella the agents and mangers of the Company are consumed by obtaining ivory, so much so that they abandon all their moral principles, instead apply any method necessary to acquire heaping shipments of ivory. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. "Heart of Darkness." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. By Stephen Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams. 8th ed. Vol. 2. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. 1891 1947. Print. Klin, Candyce. â€Å"Darwinism as A Cultural Issue† Cedar Crest College, 2 June 2001. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. Stevenson, Robert L. "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. By Stephen Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams. 8th ed. Vol. 2. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. 1643-1685. Print.

Death and We Real Cool Essay -- We Real Cool Essays Gwendolyn Brooks B

Death and We Real Cool "The sluggard’s craving will be the death of him, because his hands refuse to work" (Proverbs 21:25). The Bible makes a very clear statement in this passage as to how being lazy can be the cause of one’s death. "We Real Cool" is about seven African-American high school dropouts who want everybody else to think that they are cool. These teenagers explain how they stay out late playing pool, fighting, sinning and drinking. Though they think they have everybody else fooled, they know themselves that the destructive behavior they are taking part in will lead to their death. In "We Real Cool," Gwendolyn Brooks uses denotation and sound devices to suggest that although some African-Americans may often think of themselves as being cool for dropping out of school, they know in truth that dropping out will give them time to engage in sinful activities which will result in a broken, short life. Brooks uses denotation to suggest that although some African-Americans may often think of themselves as being cool for dropping out of school they know in reality that dropping out will give them time to engage in sinful activities which will result in a broken, short life. "We real cool. We / Left school" (Lines 1-2). This explains how these African-American teenagers think that they are cool because they dropped out of high school. "We / Lurk late" (3-4). The facts that they lurk late just aids in understanding that these teenagers are dropouts because otherwise they would not be out as late. Not only are these young African-Americans dropouts who stay out late at night, they also get into fights. We / Strike straight" (3-4). While staying out late because they are dropouts, the teenagers talked about in t... ...elves as being really cool on the outside because of the rebellious things they are taking part in and want others to picture them as being cool also. Though on the outside these kids think of themselves as cool and want to give that impression to others, they know the destructive things they are taking part in will soon be the cause of their abrupt death. Gwendolyn Brooks demonstrates in her poem, "We Real Cool," that even though people view and may acknowledge their own destructive behavior and often think of themselves as being cool, they know in reality their destructive actions will be the inevitable cause of their death. Works Cited The Bible. New International Version. Brooks, Gwendolyn. "We Real Cool." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper, 1995. 740.

Enterprise Resource Planning and Software Systems Essay

Hershey Food Corporation, the biggest manufacturer of candy products in the United States, decided to implement a new Enterprise Resource Planning system titled Enterprise 21 starting in 1996. The ERP system consisted of many different software systems. These systems included SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. With the implementation of these software systems, Hershey believed its mass market candy business strategy would be emphasized. Hershey’s Expected Benefits of Enterprise 21 Hershey had many goals for Enterprise 21. In general, Hershey had a goal of upgrading and standardizing the hardware and software systems. In attempt to upgrade the hardware, Hershey moved from a mainframe-based network to a client-server network. This upgrade would allow for Hershey to use and share its information with people inside the company as well as distributors outside the company, a critical aspect of establishing good customer relationships. The upgrade and standardization of the software system was a much larger goal. The SAP system, which allows for communication within company functions, was to be installed with other software systems. Manugistics software system would be used to forecast production and scheduling. Manugistics would also be useful as a transportation management system. The benefit of this system would greatly lower inventory holding costs and transportation costs, the two largest expenses in logistics management. Hershey also decided to implement Siebel systems, which is designed to aid in establishing and maintaining customer relationships, as well as a measuring device of the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Hershey’s Implementation Approach The first part of Hershey’s implementation process started with the installation of a bar-coding system. A bar-coding system is necessary to improve logistic management by tracking inbound and outbound materials and products. Due to a modification of the SAP system, Hershey decided to move the target date of the installation of the system to April of 1999. This new date meant the company had only thirty nine months to complete the implementation instead of the forty eight months originally forecasted. Due to the delay of the implementation of the full SAP system, the Siebel and Manugistics systems were also delayed. Because of the delays, the implementation of the new ERP system immediately caused problems because by mid July, when Halloween orders were arriving, the system had just been installed. Due to Halloween orders already arriving, Hershey’s information technology personnel decided to implement the ERP system using the cutover strategy, a very risky approach where all systems go into affect all at once. This approach failed, causing shortages with distributors of Hershey products. These shortages lead to bad customer relationships with distributors which further lead to bad relationships with their customers. Hershey could have used a much better implementation approach by slowly implementing their new system. The cutover strategy caused great confusion for employees who both entered orders and communicated those orders to production facilities and to employees who filled orders in warehouses. Causes of the Problems and Who is Responsible There are many different theories on the causes of the implementation failures of Hershey’s ERP system. Many believed that the software systems were not functioning properly. However, this was not the case, as these systems were operating smoothly in different units of Hershey. I believe the cause was directly related to the failure to use the systems properly. Due to the rushed implementation of the system, training and education of the new system was not properly or thoroughly conducted. Employees were confused not only how to operate the system but also did not see how the different software systems fit together. With better education and training, employees would have been able to process orders much more effectively and efficiently. The knowledge we have that the SAP system, along with Siebel and Manugistics, was working properly in other regions takes away the ability to blame the software companies for this ERP system failure. The blame has to be put in the hands of the information technology managers, as they were the personnel that decided to implement this system at such a fast pace. However, business managers and executives should have raised questions about the training of employees and potential disasters this system can cause. After all, the goal of an integrated ERP system is to link the different aspects of a business and to increase the communication between employees. Although IT personnel made the implementation approach decision, executives and managers should have had a larger role in the process before changing operations drastically as their busiest season was quickly approaching. Impacts on the Hershey Organization The largest impact that the Hershey organization had to deal with was the effect on the customer relationships. In an extremely competitive and global business world, customer relationships are one of the most important aspects of having a successful business. As noted in the article, distributors were unable to receive Hershey products, which further affected their customer relationships. This lead to a loss of distribution warehouse space as well as shelf space in stores, which forced customers to choose substitutes. Conclusion Although Hershey suffered huge losses in 1999 and part of 2000, they rebounded strongly in 2000. The reputation of quality products is what I believe to be the reason for their comeback. Without Hershey’s prior strong reputation and strong customer relationships, Hershey would not have been able to recover from this ERP system failure. All companies should use this failure as a guideline when implementing new software systems. Corporations must cautiously implement their systems in a manner that allows proper employee training and production efficiency while still maintaining customer relationships.

Human Services Practice Framework

SWK141A MODULE THREE LEARNING ACTIVITY DUE 12/04/13 think about the following three broad practice contexts 1. Remote areas health policy at the national level 1. The practice context is at the macro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Social policy 3. The Target population includes people living in remote locations. 4. The practice approach chosen is the radical, structural and critical approach due to the focus of social action being on the system, and the outcomes on broad social change at a structural level.Chenoweth & McAuliffe ( 2008) state that the radical and structural approaches align with the social model of disability barriers create disability through social and environmental issues. therefore, change is made possible through policy and legislation affecting the whole of the remote regions. 5. Five ways further knowledge could be generated include : 1) Procedural knowledge: finding relevant legislation and policy, and promoting and engaging in actions aligned with current requirements. ) Empirical data: Collection of data from hospitals and other healthcare clinics throughout the regions. 3) Theoretical knowledge. relating to the policy outcomes 4) Practice wisdom: applied from knowledge acquired from previous experience. 5) Professional knowledge : Knowledge stemming from theoretical practice guidelines. 2. Individual counselling for gambling addiction. 1. The practice context is at the micro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Direct practice with individuals 3.The target population is individuals with gambling addictions. 4. A practice approach using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may be beneficial because the target of therapy is on thinking and behavior change. It is believed that thoughts create emotions which drive behaviour, so with the focus on changing the thought process, emotional and behavioural changes can result (Gerald and Gerald, 2009). 5. Five different ways of generating knowle dge in this practice context are: 1) Practice wisdom including the use of previous systemic reflection. ) Personal reflection on how each session is progressing. 3) Empirical research from research in gambling and addictions, data and other resource information, . 4) Observation: from other practitioners. 5) Theoretical knowledge. 3. Community development to strengthen social networks in Katherine, NT. 1. The practice context is at the mezzo practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be community work 3. The target population is the people living within the Katherine, NT region. 4.A practice approach is systems and ecological perspectives because this approach is from the perspective of people interacting with different parts of their environment making it applicable for developing community development solutions. As well focus can be on improving systems within the community because this approach looks at the various systems and how they relate to each other (Cheno weth & McAuliffe. 2008). 5. Knowledge can be generated via: 1) Theoretical knowledge: theories previously shown to have positive outcomes for community development. ) Empirical knowledge: derived from statistical data on what areas are in greater need for development as well as numerous other areas of information required. 3) Procedural Knowledge: policy and legislation information is crucial to the projects outcomes in a broader context. 4) Professional knowledge: 5) Practice wisdom. REFERENCES Chenoweth, L. & McAuliffe, D. (2008). The Road to Social Work & Human Service Practice. South Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning. Gerald, D. & Gerald, K. (2009). Basic Personal Counselling. French Forrest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.

Personal Strategic Plan Essay

I. Vision Statement: Ten years from now I plan to be in an upwardly mobile business career. II. Value Proposition: I am the hardest working applicant among all other candidates because of my professionalism and motivation. III. SWOT: Strengths: I have been communicating with the public for the last seven years through my job as a bartender. Through this job I have become very comfortable when talking to strangers and making them feel at ease when they talk to me. Weaknesses: Although I communicate well when addressing smaller groups of people I am not as well versed at formal speaking. Most times when giving speeches I tend to start speeding through my topic one because I am nervous and second because I just want to get through it. Opportunities: Technology is changing the process of applying for a job. This trend makes it easier for people to compete for jobs outside of their physical environment, which means more job opportunities. A person living here in the United States can actually work for a business located overseas. Threats: In the same way that technology helps bring more job opportunities it also has its negative affects. It used to be that you would be competing for one job with just a few applicants now with the advancements in technology you are in a way competing with other applicants globally. IV. Goals/ Strategies Goals: I plan to get into an internship program later this summer or next summer. There are many companies that offer internships to college students. There are many benefits when you participate in an internship program. It gives you a look into what exactly happens in the workplace. Along with experience it also gives you your first shot to show a potential employer what skills you can bring to a company. Sometimes if you impress the company you intern for they will offer you a job after you graduate. These things are why participating as an intern is so beneficial. Interning is a great way to get your career started before you even graduate. Strategies: There are many companies that offer internships to USI students. I plan to set up a meeting with Phillip Parker the Director of Career Services and Placement to discuss the different opportunities available. He is always sending business students e-mails about internships that come his way. As of now my busy school and work schedule has not allowed me the necessary free time to participate in an internship. Hopefully he will help me get in touch with the businesses that will be offering internships in the near future. Appendix: One of the major trends that will affect not just me but everyone in some way is technology. When you think about technology you have to think that it is always adapting, and continues to make everything that it ties into more efficient. In the business world it can make things easier from many stand points. Technology is used in communications, marketing, and management. In communication it can help people communicate globally instantaneously. A business person here in the United States can have a video conference call with their partners in China. This makes doing business globally less of a burden. Technology also affects the marketing side of business. There are so many ways to market products through the different venues that technology has created. Facebook is a good example of one of the main social networks that come in to play when you talk about businesses branching out into new marketing campaigns. Using people’s public profiles company can by ad space on Facebook and actually now waste money on advertising outside there demographic. Finally technology has also changed the way businesses can manage and supervise the things that are going on in their business. A business manager in charge of a fast food restaurant can see most of the things that are happening in their business just by logging onto a computer. They can look at the amount of money they are spending in labor and compare that to the amount of the restaurant’s sales. This helps the business world monitor more of the day to day aspects of their business. Although technology is very helpful in the business world it also poses many threats to the business person’s jobs. If you think about the aspects of communication a person could have a job here in the United States and be primarily does his job on a computer for example a web designer. Now let’s say there is a web designer in Japan who can do the same things the designer here in the United States can do but at a fraction of the cost. The employer of the web designer could just start giving work to the designer in Japan. This makes the job market here in the United States global. People are now competing for jobs not only nationally but globally. So this is a definite threat. Technology is also creates a threat when it makes things more efficient. When you think of the restaurant manager from earlier who could look at all of the restaurants he oversees, how long do you thinks his job will be safe. Technology will eventually make it so easy for one person to manage multiple aspects of the business that his job may just become part of another persons’. So technology maybe great for us now, but you also have to worry about technology becoming to efficient and making it hard for the average business person to find or keep their job. Technology can be very helpful to a point, but once it becomes too advanced it then becomes a threat.

Anderlini and Clover Essay

In their article, Anderlini and Clover (2009) speak about China’s and Russia’s desire to purchase IMF bonds. While China considers buying about $50bn of IMF bonds, Russia seeks to spend no more than $10bn for these purposes. Both countries will use these investments according to essential criteria of reasonable returns and safety, which are in no way associated with the countries’ search for additional political power in international contexts. It appears that for Russia and China to purchase IMF bonds means to express their desire to trace and monitor the distribution of international monetary commitments. The money Russia and China are prepared to pay for IMF bonds is expected to help developing countries tackle with the major economic challenges. For example, Russia proposes that IMF uses additional funds to help Ukraine resolve its gas issues with Russia (Aderlini & Clover, 2009). Although the IMF is not very optimistic with regard to sponsoring Ukraine in its balance payment issues, purchasing bonds may shape a good ground for better stability in broader financial markets. Response The fact of Russia and China seeking to purchase IMF bonds signifies the growing international commitment to reducing trade barriers. With the growing realization of the benefits which the reduction of trade barriers can bring internationally, the IMF bonds and additional funds can be readily used to support developing countries in their striving to better trade liberalization and business openness. On the one hand, the developed countries’ desire to stimulate international trade signifies their preparedness to better dialogue with developing countries in terms of business and trade. On the other hand, such openness also provides developing countries with better chances to become a part of the developed business community. As a result, whether the changes in the structure of international financial assets help reduce trade barriers also depends on how well countries and organizations manage them. Response 1 In his article, Bogoslaw (2009) suggests that the time has come when India, Brazil, and China should become the major investment targets. Given that the state of economy is not limited to economic markets in the U.  S. , it is more than important to look beyond the boundaries of the American economic attractiveness and to provide other countries with a better chance for economic growth. It should be noted, that the concept of market economic system is integrally linked to the concept of economic freedom, and where countries seek to implement the principles of market economy these imply the absence or minimization of governmental involvement. In case of China, India, and Brazil, governments still remain the powerful elements of economic growth. Simultaneously, dozens of smaller developing countries need additional investments for their gradual transition to free market relationships. Thus, not Brazil or India with their well-established economic images, but other developing countries with sound legal systems and investment opportunities should attract additional funds. In any case, stocks and investments always involve risk, and if investors believe that by cooperating with India or China they secure themselves from the major losses, they are deeply mistaken. Response 2  For many years, embargos have been an effective measure of economic and diplomatic discipline. The leading world powers frequently apply to embargo as the measure of last resort, and whenever countries are unwilling to follow the basic principles of international legal or economic conduct, embargos appears the most reliable method of imposing balanced legal and economic requirements on them. It appears that to stop supplying countries with the critical resources is more important that trying to persuade such countries to change their convictions and political beliefs. It should be noted, that embargo implies putting a legal ban on commerce, and individuals are those who suffer these limitations the most. As a result, whether embargo is an effective measure depends on what perspective one chooses to review its benefits and drawbacks, but that embargos significantly reduce the scope of the major business operations and prevent individuals from achieving their individual purposes is clear.

Company Sales Management Plan (Hart Hospital Equipment, Inc) Term Paper

Company Sales Management Plan (Hart Hospital Equipment, Inc) - Term Paper Example An appropriate sales management plan helps to increase the productivity of sales force as well as raise the performance of an organization in the market. In this competitive market environment, organizations require to develop a strong sales force structure and appropriate strategies which can ensure success in the form of high revenue. The paper will analyze the sales force of Hart Hospital Equipment, Inc. which deals in selling several medical care equipments. On the basis of assessing the sales strategies of Hart Hospital Equipment, Inc by recognizing its territory alignment, customer segmentation, sales force and account strategy, this paper would recommend about the number of sales representatives and effective sales force structure which can be profitable for the company. Analysis of Hart’s â€Å"Go-to-Market† strategy Go-to-market strategy outlines the actions and the involvement which relate an organization to the customers and the market opportunities. The go-t o-market activities of Hart can be divided into two parts which are: customer attraction activities and channel activities. The customer attraction activities are considered as responsibility of salespersons. However, the salespersons are not involved in the channel activities (Zoltners, Sinha & Zoltners, 2001). The sales strategy of any company can be of two kinds i.e. direct selling and indirect selling. The direct sales force includes those people who are employed by organization on a constant basis for selling products to customers directly. In indirect selling, organizations use salespersons from other companies such as merchants, distributors, agents or hired sales force. There are several substitutes for direct and indirect sales force which comprise of advertising and promotion, exhibitions, direct mail, telesales and e-sales. Hart Hospital Equipment Inc. (HHE) uses the direct sales force for trading their products. It mainly uses the magazine advertisements, direct mail and conventions to reach to the target customer segments. The following diagram will depict the go-to-market activities of HHE: The go-to-market strategy provides a methodology for determining the role of direct sales force for an organization’s business. In case of HHE, their sales force is the major medium for promoting products in the market. Through their sales force, HHE can effectively express the information about products to the customers. The sales force of HHE provides effective service to the customers in order to retain them. Analysis of Hart’s Overall Sales Force The sales force of a company can vary from country to country or industry to industry. The sales force of HHE is divided into three regional areas where it performs the business operations. The following image will describe the overall sales force of HHE: In HHE, there are almost 93 sales representatives and among them almost 87 representatives have geographically determined area which is further div ided into three districts. The sales force of HHE serves the pre-hospital market locally. In the medical equipment industry, the sales force of HHE is quite active. Components of HHE’s Sales Force Every organization which deals in selling products can be observed in terms of three basic components which are sales force investment, sales force activity and company results. The sales force investment is regarded as the amount associated with employing salespersons such as expenses for employing, providing training assistance and arranging meeting among others. For HHE, the company spends almost 13% of their total sales revenue for the sales force which is 2% point less compared to industry average. The sales force activ

Placebo Effects of Caffeine on Cycling Performanc Coursework

Placebo Effects of Caffeine on Cycling Performanc - Coursework Example For instance, Clark et al conducted a research where subjects where divided in to three groups. However, his research could not provide correct results on the cause of placebo effect since half the subjects had prior knowledge that carbohydrates would increase their performance. The third group had prior knowledge that their drink could lead to improved performance hence the researcher could not control the findings of the research. The research study used a sample of seven cyclists and used both quantitative and qualitative methods of study. The cyclists were not aware that placebo capsules were administered since they thought it was caffeine. Two baseline and three experimental trials were used. The research is beneficial since it utilized semi-structured interviews to explore the symptoms of the capsules. The level of confidence error provided in the research is sufficient for us to conclude the findings are true. The research suffers from various theoretical and methodological limitations since cyclists were selected from well-trained competitive teams hence they could have increased their performance without use of caffeine. The subjects had prior literature from published research on the positive relationship of caffeine and cycling performance. The research method was flawed since it only selected only seven cyclists from the age of thirty to forty one years hence the sample surveyed was insufficient. Fo r instance, the power output of the fourth subject varied up to 20 percent between adjacent trials which the research has not explained the causes of the variance in the power output (Jackson 170). The subjected were exposed to three different conditions which are moderate dose, high dose and randomly assigned double blind basis hence the research study ignored the optimum control of the amount of caffeine which subjects could take.

Residential Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Residential Law - Case Study Example The Council had instructed its employee, Sam, to carry out this work. (Although not specifically mentioned in the judgment, it was assumed that Hazel Khan was expected to pay for this report in the charges made to him by the Southwark Council.) The report to be prepared by Sam should diligently disclose the presence of any settlement cracks between the flat and later extension, which might reduce the value of the flat. Any devaluation in price of flat can be claimed by Hazel Khan. Sam has to declare the current solvability status of the Southwark Council. The Council's professional indemnity insurance has to be valid at all times for any future insurance claim. The Mortgage report to be supplied to Hazel Khan must be in a form which should include all references to Southwalk Council, although Hazel knew that the report had been prepared by a hired and independent valuer. Hazel Khan has the option to rely on this report or may arrange for another independent survey of the property if he chooses to do so. Hazel Khan has the right to criticize any breached a duty of care which the Council owed him in his personal capacity. Sam should accept that Hazel would place reliance upon his report. In order to hold Hazel personally liable in anyway, Hazel had to show that he had assumed responsibility towards the report in his personal capacity. Sam has to bear allegiance that his duty was not to Hazel, but to the Council which employed him and it was on the Council alone that Hazel had relied. It was the Council that had assumed responsibility to Hazel, not he. The report should be cited similar with the case of Yianni v. Edwin Evans & Sons [1982] QB 438, where a firm of valuers and surveyors, engaged by a building society to value a property for mortgage purposes, had been held liable to the purchasers in negligence, despite the purchasers ignoring a recommendation in the mortgage application form that they arrange an independent survey. Another case to cite is in the combined cases of Smith v. Bush and Harris v. Wyre Forest District Council [1990] 1 AC 831. The only real distinction between the present case [Harris] and the case of Yianni is that the valuation was carried out by an in-house valuer. This valuer is discharging the duties of a professional man whether he is employed by the mortgagee or acting on his own account or is employed by a firm of independent surveyors. The essence of the case against him is that he as a professional man realised that the purchaser was relying on him to exercise proper skill and judgment in his profe ssion and that it was reasonable and fair that the purchaser should do so. Sam has to owe a consistent duty of care and Hazel to rely on professional valuer just as in Yianni and Harris where the plaintiffs never even saw the valuation report. But they are to be taken to have relied on the professional skill and care of the individual person who carried it out. It is made clear that a professionally qualified person giving advice may owe a duty of care to an effective recipient of that advice in addition to the duty owed to their employers. This has to be confined strictly to those who may be termed professionally qualified people as in the case of Sam and Hazel, because it would depend on the full circumstances in which advice was given, rather than to any label appropriate to the adviser. In any

Writing Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Assignment 4 - Essay Example The biblical view presented in Deut 28, epitomizes about benediction for obedience and curses of disobedience to the supreme power, the God as it quotes, â€Å"And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God† (NIV28.2). The metaphysical view in this verse discloses about an individual’s receiving blessing from the LORD for being obedient by following his directed commands (Biblical gateway, â€Å"Deuteronomy 28-30†). Specifically, when giving an explanation as to how a man shall be able to experience blessings, the biblical verses of Deut 28.12 connotes that â€Å"The LORD shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow†. This statement counts on that if a person serves humanity and the nation by acting as a lender, Lord will open up his treasures for that person and offer blessings. He will also provide ample rain, which is portrayed as a symbol of health, food and prosperity in that person’s land (Biblical gateway, â€Å"Deuteronomy 28-30†). Deuteronomy 28.21 further presents the philosophical belief of curses, which the God shall bestow on a soul against disobedience.

The good and bad of standards based on innovations Essay

The good and bad of standards based on innovations - Essay Example First, standards refer to the documented agreements, which comprise of technical guidelines that make sure processes, products, materials, and services are produced up to par or are fit for presentation. On the other hand, innovation can be described as an introduction to a new method, approach or concept to a product/enterprise to bring about exclusivity in function, behavior or form. It should be understood that innovation and standards are somehow interrelated, whereby a standardized model, will ensure innovation is quickly achieved. By introducing standards on innovations, an organization or a firm will have formed a basis for the introduction of new innovations, and also move a notch higher to ensure the components of the new innovation are mutually compatible. Moreover, standards are critical on innovation, because it is an avenue of having a mutual understanding in an organization, and can be used as a tool to facilitate measurement, communication, manufacturing and commerce. The good aspect of standards is what has made it to be everywhere and also play an important role in the economy. For instance, allowing firms to comply with relevant laws and regulations, offering interoperability between new and existing processes, services, and product. However, while standards are critical to the success of innovation, it also has its shortcomings if enough care is not put in place. For instance, when standards are used in isolation, it cannot be the best tool to provide evidence for performance, hence providing a leeway for discrepancies. (Gann, & Salter, 2000, pp. 955-972) As observed from the aforementioned ideas, standards based on innovation can be very beneficial to an organization, through providing a framework for new innovations. Although, for quite some time now, some organizations have always got it wrong when it comes to thinking about innovation and standards. Some organizations